Particle Theory of Matter - Conduction

Particle Theory of Matter - Conduction

Aim:

To observe conduction along a metal rod

Equipment:

A metal rod

Retort stand

Clamp

Bunsen Burner

Petroleum Jelly

5-10 Drawing pins

A stopwatch.

Method

1. Set up and light a Bunsen burner

2. Smear a small amount of petroleum jelly on to the head of each drawing pin

3. Attach the drawing pins at even intervals along the length of the metal rod.

4. Clamp one end of the metal rod to a retort stand.

5. Position the retort stand so the unclamped end of the metal rod is in the Bunsen flame and start the stopwatch

6. Record the time it takes for each pin to drop in the table below.

Results:

Pin 1 48 secs

P 2 -  1:46

P 3 - 2:48

P4 - 5:15

P 5 - (We used a bit too much Petroleum Jelly so we had to push it off. :l 21 29

Observation:

After we lit the bunsen burner the first pin fell in 48 seconds which was pretty quick the next one was almost a minute later. 1 minute later the next pin fell and then the next one after about 2 minutes. However, we used to much Jelly on the 5th one so it never fell off even after 21 minutes.

Explanation:

The heat from the Bunsen burner would have traveled through the metal as that is what happens to certain metals. Because of this, the metal getting hot and that made the jelly melt causing the pin to fall. It, however, takes time for the heat to get to the end which is why the back pins take the longest.

Observing Convection 2

Observing Convection ||

Aim: To observe convection in a gas.

Equipment: Scissors, paper spiral pattern, string, source of heat (boiling water, radiator, etc)

Method:
1. Cut out the spiral pattern below, carefully following the dashed line.
2. Tie a length of cotton through the hole on the top of the spiral.
3. Hold the spiral 30-40 cm above a heat source such as a radiator
4. Observe.

Observations:
After a few seconds it began to spin around as long as you kept it still moving it to much would cause it to stop spinning.

Explanation:
The air above the Bunsen burner will heat up and spread out causing the air to get less dense and rises causing the spiral to turn.

Behaviour of Matter - Contraction The imploding can

The Imploding Can 

Aim: To observe contraction in gases.

Equipment: Aluminium Can, Scissor Tongs, Bunsen Burner, Heatproof Mat, Tripod, Gauze Mat & and open Container of Water.

Method: 

1. Set up the bunsen burner underneath a tripod and gauze mat.

2. Pour Approximately 50-60mL of water into your can.

3. Heat the can of water until you see steam is escaping from the top.

Carefully grip the can with scissor tongs. Ensure you have a firm hold of the can before lifting it off

the gauze mat.

4. Quickly, but carefully, invert the can as you plunge it into a container of water.

Observations: 

We didn't put it into the water fat enough causing it not to work but what was supposed to happen if we did it right was that the cans sides would cave in on itself.

Explanation:
When particles are heated they begin to move faster eventually the Bunsen burner made the gas inside the can go a lot faster. Causing it to steam then when we put the top into the cold water the water cooled the can making the gas go closer together causing the can to implode.

The Behaviour of Matter - Diffusion

The Behavior of Matter - Diffusion

Aim: To observe diffusion in a liquid.

Equipment: Petri dish, Water, Tweezers, A crystal of potassium permanganate.

Method: 

1. Half fill your petri dish on your workbench and allow the water to become settled. 

2.Place the Petri dish on your workbench and allow the water to become settled.

3. Using the tweezers, place a single crystal of potassium permanganate in the center of the petri dish.

4. Observe 4 minutes

5. Repeat the experiment using hot water.  

Results:

We had 4 minutes to see if the potassium spread faster and wider in cold water or hot water it turned out that the cold water caused to to go slower.

Discussion:

When a particle is cooled it will go slower rather that if it was heated up this is why the warm water potassium spread faster than the cold water one. 

Investigating State Changes - Matter

Investigating State Changes - Matter

Aim: To observe water as it changes state from solid to liquid and then to a gas.

Equipment: A 250 mL beaker, thermometer, Bunsen burner, heatproof mat, tripod and gauze mat, stopwatch, retort stand and clamp, ice cubes.

Method:

1. Collect enough ice so that your beaker is half full and place the thermometer into it while you set up the rest of the equipment

2. Set up retort stand and clamp alongside the tripod and gauze mat.

3. Place the beaker of ice on the gauze mat and gently clamp the thermometer so that it is held upright and the scale is easy to see. The bottom of your thermometer should be low enough to still be covered by water when the ice melts. but not touching the bottom of the beaker.

4. Record the initial temperature of the ice in the data table below

5. Light the Bunsen burner and start timing with the stopwatch

6. Measure and record the temperature every mite

7. Continue measuring and recording the temperature until the water has been boiling for 2-3 minutes.

Results:

Discussion:

The water began boiling at 80 and the ice completely melted 3-5 minutes. We stopped at 8 minutes when we got up to 100 c. Most of the ice melted fast but then didn't completely melt for about a minute. This was an interesting experiment, the heat would have made the particles in the solid ice move turning it into a liquid. If you didn't know that's how a solid turns into liquid-solid particles don't move but when a particle is heated it moves faster. 

Particle Theory of Matter - Convection

Particle Theory of Matter - Convection

Aim: To observe convection in a liquid

Equipment: 200 mL beaker water, tweezers, a crystal of potassium permanganate, a drinking straw, Bunsen burner heat mat, tripod and gauze mat.

Method:
1. Set up a Bunsen burner on a heatproof mat. Put the gauze mat on the tripod but leave it just to one side of the Bunsen burner.

2. Fill a 200 mL beaker with 150mL cold water.

3. Place the beaker on top of the tripod and gauze and allow it to settle for a few minutes.

4. Carefully insert a drinking straw down one side of the beaker, ensuring the straw is touching the bottom of the beaker. Be careful as you do not want to disturb the water too much.

5. Using tweezers, drop a crystal of potassium permanganate down the inside of the straw. Wait for the crystal to settle on the bottom of the beaker.

6. very gently, so to not disturb the water, remove the straw.

7. Light the Bunsen and slide it under the tripod so that you are only heating the outside of the beaker where the crystal is. Observe.

Observations:
After the straw was removed the potassium began to rise to the top once it rose to the top it began to spread all over the liquid. Because of this, the once clear liquid began converting to this purple colour. In not much time the whole liquid was purple.

Explanation:
As particles begin to heat up they began to move faster according to my teacher "we basically set their bums on fire so they start to run away." The opposite happens if they get colder which is how ice is made since a solid only vibrates. With this in mind, the reason why the purple began to spread was because the liquid heated up causing the potassium particles to begin moving out like a liquid does.







Potato - Sam 2018